I-BDO, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-1,4-butanediol, sisixhobo esibalulekileyo esisisiseko se-organic kunye ne-fine chemical raw material. I-BDO ingalungiswa ngendlela ye-acetylene aldehyde, indlela ye-maleic anhydride, indlela ye-propylene alcohol, kunye nendlela ye-butadiene. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde yeyona ndlela iphambili yoshishino yokulungiselela i-BDO ngenxa yeendleko zayo kunye neenzuzo zenkqubo. I-acetylene kunye ne-formaldehyde ziqala zincitshiswe ukuvelisa i-1,4-butynediol (BYD), ephinda i-hydrogenated ukuze ifumane i-BDO.
Phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu (13.8~27.6 MPa) kunye neemeko ze-250~350 ℃, i-acetylene isabela ne-formaldehyde xa kukho i-catalyst (ngesiqhelo i-acetylene e-cuprous kunye ne-bismuth kwi-silica support), kwaye emva koko i-1,4-butynediol ephakathi ifakwa i-hydrogenated kwi-BDO isebenzisa i-catalyst ye-Raney nickel. Uphawu lwendlela yakudala kukuba i-catalyst kunye nemveliso akufuneki zahlulwe, kwaye iindleko zokusebenza ziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, i-acetylene inoxinzelelo oluncinci oluphezulu kunye nomngcipheko wokuqhuma. Ukhuseleko loyilo lwe-reactor luphezulu kangangezihlandlo ezili-12-20, kwaye izixhobo zinkulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela utyalo-mali olukhulu; i-Acetylene iya kupolimera ukuvelisa i-polyacetylene, evala i-catalyst kwaye ivale umbhobho, nto leyo ebangela umjikelo wemveliso omfutshane kunye nokunciphisa imveliso.
Ukuphendula kwiintsilelo kunye nokusilela kweendlela zemveli, izixhobo zokusabela kunye neekhatalysts zenkqubo yokusabela zaphuculwa ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo oluncinci lwe-acetylene kwinkqubo yokusabela. Le ndlela isetyenzisiwe kakhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwenziwa kwe-BYD kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ibhedi yodaka okanye ibhedi exhonyiweyo. Indlela ye-acetylene aldehyde i-BYD hydrogenation ivelisa i-BDO, kwaye okwangoku iinkqubo ze-ISP kunye ne-INVISTA zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina.
① Ukwenziwa kwe-butynediol kwi-acetylene kunye ne-formaldehyde kusetyenziswa i-copper carbonate catalyst
Isetyenziswa kwicandelo leekhemikhali ze-acetylene kwinkqubo ye-BDO kwi-INVIDIA, i-formaldehyde isabela kunye ne-acetylene ukuvelisa i-1,4-butynediol phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst ye-copper carbonate. Ubushushu bokusabela buyi-83-94 ℃, kwaye uxinzelelo luyi-25-40 kPa. I-catalyst inembonakalo yomgubo oluhlaza.
② I-Catalyst yokwandisa i-butynediol ibe yi-BDO
Icandelo le-hydrogenation lenkqubo liqulathe ii-reactor ezimbini ezixineneyo ezine-high-pressure fixed bed ezidityaniswe ngochungechunge, kunye ne-99% yee-reaction ze-hydrogenation ezigqityiweyo kwi-reactor yokuqala. Ii-catalysts ze-hydrogenation zokuqala nezesibini zii-alloys ze-aluminium ze-nickel ezisebenzayo.
Ibhedi ezinzileyo I-Renee nickel yibhloko ye-alloy ye-aluminium ye-nickel enobukhulu bee-particles ukusuka kwi-2-10mm, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuhle, indawo enkulu ethile, uzinzo olungcono lwe-catalyst, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.
Iinxalenye ze-nickel zeRaney ezingasebenziyo zimhlophe ngwevu, kwaye emva koxinzelelo oluthile lwe-alkali leaching yolwelo, ziba ziinxalenye ezimnyama okanye ezimnyama ezingwevu, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-reactors zebhedi ezizinzileyo.
① I-catalyst exhaswa yi-copper yokwenziwa kwe-butynediol kwi-acetylene kunye ne-formaldehyde
Phantsi kwesenzo se-copper bismuth catalyst exhaswayo, i-formaldehyde isabela kunye ne-acetylene ukuvelisa i-1,4-butynediol, kubushushu bokusabela obuyi-92-100 ℃ kunye noxinzelelo lwe-85-106 kPa. I-catalyst ibonakala njengomgubo omnyama.
② I-Catalyst yokwandisa i-butynediol ibe yi-BDO
Inkqubo ye-ISP isebenzisa amanqanaba amabini e-hydrogenation. Inqanaba lokuqala kukusebenzisa i-powder nickel aluminium alloy njenge-catalyst, kwaye i-low-pressure hydrogenation iguqula i-BYD ibe yi-BED kunye ne-BDO. Emva kokuhlukana, inqanaba lesibini kukusetyenziswa kwe-high-pressure hydrogenation kusetyenziswa i-loaded nickel njenge-catalyst ukuguqula i-BED ibe yi-BDO.
I-hydrogenation catalyst ephambili: i-Raney nickel catalyst engumgubo
I-catalyst ye-hydrogenation ephambili: I-Powder Raney nickel catalyst. Le catalyst isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-hydrogenation eliphantsi koxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-ISP, ukulungiselela iimveliso ze-BDO. Ineempawu zomsebenzi ophezulu, ukukhetha okulungileyo, izinga lokuguqulwa, kunye nesantya sokuvala ngokukhawuleza. Izinto eziphambili yi-nickel, i-aluminium, kunye ne-molybdenum.
I-hydrogenation catalyst ephambili: i-powder nickel alloy aluminium alloy hydrogenation catalyst
I-catalyst ifuna umsebenzi ophezulu, amandla aphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuguqulwa kwe-1,4-butynediol, kunye neemveliso ezimbalwa ezingaphantsi.
I-catalyst yesibini ye-hydrogenation
Sisincedisi esixhaswayo esine-alumina njengesithwali kunye ne-nickel kunye nobhedu njengezinto ezisebenzayo. Imeko enciphileyo igcinwa emanzini. Isincedisi sinamandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukulahleka okuncinci kokungqubana, uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, kwaye kulula ukusisebenzisa. Iisuntswana ezimnyama ezimile njenge-clover zibonakala.
Amatyala okusetyenziswa kweeCatalysts
Isetyenziselwa i-BYD ukuvelisa i-BDO nge-catalyst hydrogenation, esetyenziswa kwiyunithi ye-BDO eyi-100000 yeetoni. Iiseti ezimbini zee-reactors zebhedi ezinzileyo zisebenza ngaxeshanye, enye yi-JHG-20308, kwaye enye yi-catalyst engeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhlolwa: Ngexesha lokuhlolwa komgubo ocolekileyo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-JHG-20308 fixed bed catalyst ivelise umgubo ocolekileyo omncinci kune-catalyst engeniswe kwamanye amazwe.
Ukusebenza: I-Catalyst Isiphelo sokuSebenza: Iimeko zokusebenza kwezi catalysts zimbini ziyafana. Ngokwedatha, izinga lokudilika, umahluko wobushushu bokungena kunye nobokuphuma, kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu be-activation reaction ye-alloy kwinqanaba ngalinye lokusebenza ziyafana kakhulu.
Ubushushu: Ubushushu bokusabela kwe-JHG-20308 catalyst abuhlukanga kakhulu kobo be-catalyst engeniswe kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngokwemiba yokulinganisa ubushushu, i-JHG-20308 catalyst inomsebenzi ongcono kune-catalyst engeniswe kwamanye amazwe.
Ukungcola: Ukusuka kwidatha yokufumanisa isisombululo se-BDO crude kwinqanaba lokuqala lokusabela, i-JHG-20308 inokungcola okuncinci kwimveliso egqityiweyo xa kuthelekiswa nee-catalysts ezingenisiweyo, ezibonakala kakhulu kumxholo we-n-butanol kunye ne-HBA.
Lilonke, ukusebenza kwe-JHG-20308 catalyst kuzinzile, akukho mveliso icacileyo ephezulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana okanye kungcono nangakumbi kunee-catalysts ezingenisiweyo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-aluminium catalyst yebhedi esisigxina ye-nickel
(1) Ukunyibilikisa: I-alloy ye-aluminium ye-nickel iyanyibilikiswa kubushushu obuphezulu ize yenziwe ibe yimo.
(2) Ukutyumza: Iibhloko ze-alloy zityumzwa zibe ngamasuntswana amancinci ngezixhobo zokutyumza.
(3) Ukuhlola: Ukuhlola amasuntswana anobukhulu obufanelekileyo.
(4) Ukusebenza: Lawula uxinaniso oluthile kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwe-alkali engamanzi ukuze kusebenze amasuntswana kwinqaba yokusabela.
(5) Izalathi zokuhlola: umxholo wesinyithi, usasazo lobungakanani bamasuntswana, amandla okutyumza acinezelweyo, uxinano olukhulu, njl.njl.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-11-2023
